About Calculated Fields
You can define calculated fields to dynamically populate a field with information drawn from other fields within a record, or from related records. You can write custom logic to perform calculations in real time when a record that includes the calculated field is updated.
For example, you can create an Invoice object with an internal_tax field to show or calculate the tax owed on the value in the total_amount field in the same record. As another example, you can create a Supermarket object with an official_name field that is automatically populated with a concatenated value composed of the name of the supermarket stored in the io_name field in the same object, and the io_state_or_province field in the related State object.
For more information: