• pv, npv—Present value

• fv, fvadj, fvc—Future value

• crate, nom, rate—Interest rate

• cnper, nper—Number of periods

• cumint, cumprn, eff—Cumulative interest, cumulative principal and APR

• irr, mirr—Internal rate

• pmt, ppmt, ipmt—Payment

• Payments you make, such as deposits in a savings account or payments toward a loan, must be entered as negative numbers. Cash you receive, such as dividend checks, must be entered as positive numbers.

• Interest rates are expressed as decimals, such as 0.0825, or as percents, such as 8.25%. You may need to calculate the interest rate per period. The rate equals the nominal annual rate divided by compounding periods in a year. For example, you can find the interest rate per month based on the nominal annual interest rate: