HAProxy 範例
HAProxy 是在 Linux 中執行的免費負載平衡器。它的功能非常強大，且支援現成的監視功能。
全域設定
全域設定會套用至前端與後端伺服器，且通常可以略過。
例如：
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- #
Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# setup logging and force level to debug. Logs require rsyslog be setup.
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
log /dev/log local0 debug
# maximum number of connections allowed
maxconn 10000
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /run/haproxy/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
stats timeout 30s
# user and group haproxy will run as
user haproxy
group haproxy
預設設定
這些設定適用於後端伺服器的預設組態。
• log
使用在「全域設定」中配置的記錄。
• mode
決定如何剖析請求。在此範例中，我們使用 http 處理。
• option
例如：
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
default-server init-addr last,libc,none
log global
mode http
option httplog
option redispatch
option forwardfor
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 60s
timeout server 60s
timeout tunnel 1h
FrontEnd 設定
這是所有應用程式都會經過的前端。它包含決定使用哪個後端伺服器處理傳入請求的路由規則。
• bind
指示將接收傳入請求的埠。
• capture
將工作階段 ID cookie 包含在 HAProxy http 請求記錄中。
• acl
根據檢查的條件建立變數。例如，-i -m beg <string> 會檢查以 <string> 開頭的 URI。
• use_backend
根據變數的 true 或 false 值，路由至後端伺服器的特定群組。
• default
在不符合其他規則的情況下使用的後端。
例如：
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# FrontEnd Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend ft_web
bind *:8080 name web
# log the session cookie if passed
capture cookie JSESSIONID= len 32
## path based routing to connection server
acl path_cxserver path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WS
acl path_tunnelserver path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WSTunnelServer
acl path_tunnelclient path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WSTunnelClient
use_backend cxserver if path_cxserver or path_tunnelserver or path_tunnelclient
# default traffic to platform
default_backend platform
ThingWorx Flow 的範例
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# FrontEnd Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend ft_web
bind *:8443 ssl crt /certs/haproxy.pem name sslweb
# log the session cookie if passed
capture cookie JSESSIONID= len 32
##path based routing to ThingWorx Flow
acl p_flow1 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Composer/apps/flow
acl p_flow2 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Flow
acl p_flow3 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Triggers
acl p_flow4 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Lookups
acl p_flow5 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Oauths
acl p_flow6 path -i -m beg /Thingworx/Subsystems/EventProcessingSubsystem/Subscriptions
acl p_flow7 path -i -m beg /enterprise/v1/fetchconfig
use_backend flow if p_flow1 or p_flow2 or p_flow3 or p_flow4 or p_flow5 or p_flow6 or p_flow7
BackEnd 平台設定
後端是一組伺服器，可處理從前端傳遞的請求以及任何特定組態。
• balance
負載平衡演算法。預設會循環配置資源，如此會遍歷可用伺服器，以取得下一個可用連線。
• cookie
插入負載平衡器用來將未來請求路由至相同伺服器的 cookie。
例如：
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# BackEnd Platform Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend platform
balance roundrobin
# sticky sessions
cookie SERVER insert indirect nocache
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Port %[dst_port]
http-request add-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
# health check
option httpchk GET /Thingworx/health
# configure platform instances
server platform1 10.0.10.10:8080 check inter 1000 fastinter 1000 cookie twx1
server platform2 10.0.10.11:8080 check inter 1000 fastinter 1000 cookie twx2
ThingWorx Flow 的範例
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# BackEnd Flow Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend flow
balance source
option forwardfor
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Port %[dst_port]
http-request add-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
# configure flow instances
server nginx {nginx_ip}:443 check ssl verify none
BackEnd Connection Server 設定
範例：
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# BackEnd Connection Server Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend cxserver
balance source
#hash-type consistent
option httpchk GET /
# configure connection server instances
server cxserver1 10.0.10.20:8080 check port 9009
server cxserver2 10.0.10.21:8080 check port 9009
監視
HAProxy 有一個可用來檢視流量流程的監視 UI。您可以配置傳入埠與選用認證。
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#HAProxy Monitoring Config
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1936
mode http
option forwardfor
option httpclose
stats enable
stats uri /
stats refresh 5s
stats show-legends
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
完整範例
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# setup logging and force level to debug. Logs require rsyslog be setup.
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
log /dev/log local0 debug
# maximum number of connections allowed
maxconn 10000
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /run/haproxy/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
stats timeout 30s
# user and group haproxy will run as
user haproxy
group haproxy
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
default-server init-addr last,libc,none
log global
mode http
option httplog
option redispatch
option forwardfor
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 60s
timeout server 60s
timeout tunnel 1h
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# FrontEnd Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend ft_web
bind *:8080 name web
# log the session cookie if passed
capture cookie JSESSIONID= len 32
## path based routing to connection server
acl path_cxserver path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WS
acl path_tunnelserver path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WSTunnelServer
acl path_tunnelclient path -i -m beg /Thingworx/WSTunnelClient
use_backend cxserver if path_cxserver or path_tunnelserver or path_tunnelclient
# default traffic to platform
default_backend platform
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# BackEnd Platform Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend platform
balance roundrobin
# sticky sessions
cookie SERVER insert indirect nocache
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Port %[dst_port]
http-request add-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
# health check
option httpchk GET /Thingworx/health
# configure platform instances
server platform1 10.0.10.10:8080 check inter 1000 fastinter 1000" cookie twx1
server platform2 10.0.10.11:8080 check inter 1000 fastinter 1000" cookie twx2
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# BackEnd Connection Server Configuration
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend cxserver
balance source
#hash-type consistent
option httpchk GET /
# configure connection server instances
server cxserver1 10.0.10.20:8080 check port 9009
server cxserver2 10.0.10.21:8080 check port 9009
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#HAProxy Monitoring Config
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1936
mode http
option forwardfor
option httpclose
stats enable
stats uri /
stats refresh 5s
stats show-legends
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics