Definitions
Density—A material property that defines the state of a fluid flow as incompressible or compressible. The constitutive equation of state for density has the general form:
where,
T
temperature
kg/m3
density
In addition to the user-defined density law using expression editor, several special constitutive equations of state are given to determine the flow density in order to close the above governing equations.
Constant Density—In a fluid flow, the assumption of constant density simplified the flow as incompressible. For most liquids, the density is considered as a constant unless it is under significantly large variations of pressure, temperature, or both pressure and temperature.
Compressible Liquid—In water hammers and fuel injectors, the compressibility effects of a liquid are essential to determine the flow characteristics and therefore the performances of the flow components, equipment, or both flow components and equipment. The following compressible liquid model is available in Creo Flow Analysis:
Ideal Gas Law—For compressible flows, the ideal gas law relates the gas density to the absolute flow pressure and temperature in the following form:
Ideal Gas Law
where,
P
absolute pressure expressed using N/m2(gauge pressure + operating/reference pressure)
T
static temperature (Kelvin)
Mw
molecular weight
R
universal gas constant
Isentropic Gas Law—In Flow Analysis, it is the absolute temperature Kelvin (K). In terms of thermodynamic properties, temperature is the driving potential for energy transfer as heat.
Isentropic Gas Law
where,
ρt
reference density
Pt
reference pressure
Tt
reference temperature
γ=CP/CV
Adiabatic index, ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume
M
Mach number
Mass Fraction Average—A method for computing the average density for a multicomponent mixture in a selected volume.
Mass Fraction Average
where,
ρi
density
fi
concentration of the individual components respectively
Volume Fraction—Volume of a component divided by the total volume within a selected volume or at a point.
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