Heat Transfer
Laminar Flow Through a Pipe with Uniform Heat Flux
Problem Statement: 3D laminar flow with heat transfer is modeled in a pipe using the Heat module. Fluid enters the pipe at 300 K and is heated by a uniform heat flux set at the wall of the pipe.
à—Fully developed velocity profile at 300 K
References: F.M. White. Fluid Mechanics. 3rd Edition. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, NY, 1994.
Fluid Properties | Geometric Properties | Working Conditions |
|---|---|---|
Density = 13529 kg/m3 Viscosity = 0.001523 Pa-s Specific Heat = 139.3 J/kg-K Conductivity = 8.54 W/m-K | R = 0.0025 m L = 0.1 m | Inlet = Fully developed velocity profile at 300 K Outlet = 101325 Pa Փq = 5000 W/m2 |
Result Comparison – Pressure drop and outlet temperature
Results | Analytical | Creo Flow Analysis | Percent Error |
|---|---|---|---|
Pressure Drop (Pa) | 1 | 1.0054 | 0.54 |
Outlet Temperature (K) | 340 | 340.894 | 0.26 |
Natural Convection in a Concentric Annulus
Problem Statement: Natural convection is modeled in a concentric annulus using the Heat module. The inner wall of the concentric annulus is 50 K warmer than the outer wall.
A = Plane of symmetry
References: T.H. Kuehn, R.J. Goldstein, “An Experimental Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Concentric and Eccentric Horizontal Cylindrical Annuli”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol 100, pp. 635-640, 1978.
Fluid Properties | Geometric Properties | Working Conditions |
|---|---|---|
Density = Ideal Gas or air Viscosity = 3.54822 x 10-5 Pa-s | RAE 2822 Airfoil AoA = 2.31 deg Wind tunnel height = 72 m Wind tunnel length = 96 m | R1 = 0.0178 m T1 = 373 R2 = 0.04628 m T2 = 327 |
Result – Temperature contours
Result Comparison – Temperature distribution along symmetry wall
Result Comparison – Comparison with thermal imaging data
Conduction in a Composite Solid Block
Problem Statement: Conduction is modeled in a composite solid block composed of two materials using the Heat module. A heat flux set at the right wall of the block heats the system.
• A = Adiabatic wall
• M 1 = Material 1
◦ Density = 2719 kg/m3
◦ Specific heat = 871 J/kg-K
◦ Thermal conductivity = 75 W/m-K
◦ Heat generated = 1.5*106W/m3
• M 2 = Material 2
◦ Density = 8978 kg/m3
◦ Specific heat = 381 J/kg-K
◦ Thermal conductivity = 150 W/m-K
References : F.P. Incropera, D.P. Dewitt.Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 5th Edition, pg. 117, 2006.
Result Comparison – Temperature across the composite block
Transient Conduction in a Semi-Infinite Slab
Problem Statement: A semi-infinite slab is heated for 120 seconds by a uniform heat flux set at the left wall of the slab. The slab is measured, and the measurements are compared to the analytical solution.
• S = Symmetry
• A = Adiabatic wall
References: F.P. Incropera, D.P. Dewitt, T.L. Bergman, A.S. Lavine, Introduction to Heat Transfer, 5th edition, Wiley and sons, 2007.
Solid Properties | Geometric Properties | Working Conditions |
|---|---|---|
Density = 8995.64 kg/m3 Specific heat= 381 J/kg-K Conductivity = 401 W/m-K | L = 0.75 m H = 0.1 m | Transient = 120 s Փq = 3 x 105 W/m2 Initial temperature = 293 K |
Result – Temperature contours
Result Comparison – Temperature rise across the slab
